How to Set up a Foreign Key Constraint in MySQL

The following is a simple example that illustrates Foreign Key constraints:

Creating a table for manager:
CREATE TABLE manager (id integer primary key auto_increment, name text) ENGINE=InnoDB;

Creating a table for club and creating a foreign key constraint for manager_id with key 'manager_id_reference':
CREATE TABLE club (id integer primary key auto_increment, is_accessible char, manager_id integer NOT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB;
ALTER TABLE club ADD CONSTRAINT manager_id_reference FOREIGN KEY(manager_id) REFERENCES manager (id);

Inserting some managers:
INSERT INTO manager(name) VALUES('Pritom');
INSERT INTO manager(name) VALUES('Kumar');

Inserting some clubs:
INSERT INTO club(is_accessible, manager_id) VALUES(true, 1);
INSERT INTO club(is_accessible, manager_id) VALUES(false, 2);

Let see manager table data (SELECT * FROM manager):

ID	NAME
1	Pritom
2	Kumar

Let see club table data (SELECT * FROM club):

ID	IS_ACCESSIBLE	MANAGER_ID
1	1	1
2	0	2

Let see manager table structure (DESCRIBE manager):

FIELD	TYPE	NULL	KEY	DEFAULT	EXTRA
id	int(11)	NO	PRI	(null)	auto_increment
name	text	YES		(null)

Let see club table structure (DESCRIBE club):

FIELD	TYPE	NULL	KEY	DEFAULT	EXTRA
id	int(11)	NO	PRI	(null)	auto_increment
is_accessible	char(1)	YES		(null)
manager_id	int(11)	NO	MUL	(null)

Now try to delete manager:
DELETE FROM USER WHERE id = 1;

will error as:
Schema Creation Failed: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`db_2_8d4a1`.`club`, CONSTRAINT `manager_id_reference` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `manager` (`id`)):

This happens because the data in the manager table depends on the data in the club table.

Full sqlFiddle

Grails domain class: unique constraint for multiple columns

Suppose a simple Grails domain class:

class Account {
    String countryId;

    String userName; 

    String areaId;

    String password;

    static constraints = {
        ...???...
    }
}

It is required that user names are unique for a particular countryId and areaId, thus there must be a unique contraint on three columns. And this is the constraints:

userName(unique: ['countryId', 'areaId'])

You can include as many other properties in the array that make up the 
other properties that must be considered in the "unique" constraint on 
the username. 

Grails: how to get/set a meta-constraint on domain class property such as belongsTo or other variables

In the scaffolding templates there is a property domainClass from type org.codehaus.groovy.grails.commons.DefaultGrailsDomainClass. These object has the property constrainedProperties. To have access to any properties such in this example: 'readonly' you have to do this:

Your domain class:

class Contact {
   static belongsTo = [subscription: Subscription]

   static constraints = {
       subscription(nullable: false, attributes: [readonly: true])  
   }

   String description
}

The DefaultGrailsDomainClass has a constructor with a attribute from type Class maybe you can do this:

def domainClass = new DefaultGrailsDomainClass(Contact.class)
def ro = domainClass.constrainedProperties.subscription.attributes.readonly

def domainClass = new DefaultGrailsDomainClass(it.metaClass.getTheClass())
def constrainedProperties = domainClass.constrainedProperties;
if(constrainedProperties.containsKey("subscription")) {
    ConstrainedProperty v = (ConstrainedProperty) constrainedProperties.get("subscription");
    /**
     * Now check
     */
    if(v.isNullable()) {
        println "Nullable";
    }
    if(v.isBlank()) {
        println "Blank";
    }
    /**
     * There are may other constraints
     * http://grails.org/doc/latest/api/org/codehaus/groovy/grails/validation/ConstrainedProperty.html 

     * Java/Grails Class ConstrainedProperty

     */ 

 }